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Design and Implementation of Self-study Room Platform Based on Springboot and Uni-app Framework LI Jinzhong, HU Zhiming, CHEN Jiangang, CHEN Hanxuan, ZUO Zuo Journal of Hebei University of Water Resources and Electric Engineering    2024, 34 (2): 77-82.   DOI: 10.16046/j.cnki.issn2096-5680.2024.02.014 Abstract （529）      PDF（pc） （551KB）（126）       Knowledge map    Save At present, domestic education has begun to popularize online learning mode on a large scale. However, many existing online learning platforms gradually appear the problem of excessive entertainment and social seriousness, which seriously violatesthe original intention of the birth of online learning platforms. In addition, the platform has relatively limited functions, making it difficult to comprehensively manage the learning status of users, and there is also a considerable shortage of products on the market that meet users'needs. Therefore, this paper designs and develops a mobile self-study room platform based on SpringBoot and Uni-App frameworks, which is specially designed to provide users with learning state management services. The main functions of the platform include five functional modules: self-study state management, learning dynamic management, leaderboard, notepad, and user information management. The platform can provide users with a series of learning state management services to help them develop a good learning self-control, cultivate students' independent learning ability, and improve learning efficiency. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Expansion and Quantitative Attribution of China’s Built-up Areas Based on Parameter Optimal Geodetector LIU Dan-dan, LI Yong-liang Journal of Hebei University of Water Resources and Electric Engineering    2023, 33 (3): 33-39.   DOI: 10.16046/j.cnki.issn2096-5680.2023.03.006 Abstract （321）      PDF（pc） （464KB）（95）       Knowledge map    Save To study the spatiotemporal changes in urban built-up areas in China over the past 20 years from 2002 to 2021, promoting the urbanization process, and socially sustainable development in China, urban units in China were selected as the research objects. DMSP-OLOS data from 2002 and NPP-VIIRS night light data from 2021 were used, combined with indicators such as expansion speed, standard deviation ellipse, and spatial autocorrelation. Quantitative analysis of the spatial distribution characteristics in built-up areas is elaborated in two aspects: quantity structure and spatial distribution. Some factors are used as independent variables such as GDP difference, population difference, elevation, road network density, temperature difference, and rainfall difference. Expansion speed is used as the dependent variable. The driving force is quantitatively analyzed by parameter optimal geographic detector. 1) In the past 20 years, the expansion speed of urban built-up areas in our country has been mainly in medium and low speed, The annual expansion rate of the built-up areas in the eastern and northern coastal areas is higher than the national average. The middle reaches of the Yellow River and the southern coast are comparable to the national average, while the middle reaches of the Yangtze River, Southwest China, Northeast China and Northwest China are significantly lower than the national average. The eastern coastal areas have the fastest expansion speed and the smallest difference in urban development, while the center of gravity of China′s built-up areas moves 100.22 kilometers from the eastern coastal areas to the northwest. 2) The expansion speed of the built-up area has spatial heterogeneity, reflecting the accumulation of cold and hot spots. Cold spot areas are distributed in the northern and central regions of China and exhibit low-low clustering and high-low clustering, while hot spot areas are distributed in the southeastern coastal areas of China and exhibit high-high clustering and low-high clustering; 3) GDP,population are the main factors affecting the development of built-up areas, with the explanatory power of 0.6395, 0.4965, respectively. The interaction between various factors is either double factor enhancement or non-linear enhancement, with strong interaction between socioeconomic factors, and the strongest interaction between GDP and population factors. The explanatory power of 1.1361 shows a double-factor enhancement. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Research on Isolated Three-phase Bridgeless Sepic PFC Converter Based on One-cycle Control ZHANG Chun-jiang, TANG Jia-lin, XU De-xun, GAO Jia-ning, SHI Bing-qian Journal of Hebei University of Water Resources and Electric Engineering    2022, 32 (2): 20-28.   DOI: 10.16046/j.cnki.issn2096-5680.2022.02.004 Abstract （246）      PDF（pc） （2020KB）（130）       Knowledge map    Save Power factor correction technology is widely used in rectifier circuits to reduce harmonic pollution. Firstly, this paper studies a new type of isolated three-phase bridgeless Sepic PFC converter, which can realize power factor correction and isolated DC/DC conversion through one-stage conversion. In this paper, each working mode of the three-phase bridgeless Sepic PFC converter is analyzed in detail, and the continuous working conditions of the circuit are analyzed. Secondly, the one-cycle control technology is used to realize the closed-loop control, the core control equation of the one-cycle control is established, the small signal modeling is carried out, and the voltage loop controller is designed to stabilize the system under different parameters in the frequency domain and time domain respectively. The simulation analysis is carried out, and the realization method of digital one-cycle control based on DSP is designed. Simulation and experimental results show that the one-cycle control three-phase bridgeless Sepic PFC converter can achieve unity power factor and small current distortion rate. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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TMulti-target Detection of Smart City Based on Improved YOLOv5 Algorithm WANG Jichao, TANG Yong, HUI Zhenqiao, LIU Haozhuo, LIU Bing Journal of Hebei University of Water Resources and Electric Engineering    2024, 34 (3): 24-29.   DOI: 10.16046/j.cnki.issn2096-5680.2024.03.005 Abstract （222）      PDF（pc） （342KB）（41）       Knowledge map    Save As the core technology of smart city construction, multi-object detection plays an irreplaceable role in establishing city map, mining city operation law and improving city operation efficiency. Based on the excellent target detection model YOLOv5, this paper selects typical scenes in cities, takes pedestrians and vehicles as detection targets, and improves the SPP module of the neck part of the original lightweight version algorithm to ensure detection speed and increase detection accuracy. Then, the improved algorithm and YOLOv5-s algorithm were deployed on the edge devices of smart cities at the same time, and a comparative test was conducted. Experimental results show that compared with YOLOv5-s algorithm, the improved algorithm in this paper can improve the multi-target detection accuracy by 15.7% when the speed remains basically unchanged, which solves the problem that the detection rate and accuracy of edge devices in smart cities cannot meet the requirements at the same time to a certain extent, and provides a theoretical reference and method basis for multi-target real-time detection in smart cities. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Review on the High Temperature Performance Evaluation Indexes of Asphalt Binder HOU Licheng, MA Shibin, ZHANG Yu, YUAN Qijie, ZOU Baogang Journal of Hebei University of Water Resources and Electric Engineering    2024, 34 (1): 9-15.   DOI: 10.16046/j.cnki.issn2096-5680.2024.01.002 Abstract （222）      PDF（pc） （1006KB）（13）       Knowledge map    Save Using different indicators to evaluate the high temperature performance of the same asphalt binder may get different results. In order to quickly and accurately analyze the high temperature performance of asphalt binders, it’s very important to select a suitable evaluation index. Firstly, this article summarizes the limitations of conventional indicators such as penetration, softening point, 60℃ dynamic viscosity, and rutting factor in evaluating the high temperature performance of asphalt binders. Secondly, new indicators are introduced, including modification rutting factor G*/(sinδ)9, viscous part of complex shear modulus Gv and non-recoverable creep compliance Jnr, then the characteristics of these new indicators are analyzed and research results obtained by using each indicator are reviewed. Finally, this paper puts forward suggestions for the revision of relevant norms in my country and the future development is prospected. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Study on Dynamic Mechanical Properties of Concrete under Impact Load CHENG Siwu, DAI Xingxian, FENG Kai, QI Ziyi, ZHANG Ze Journal of Hebei University of Water Resources and Electric Engineering    2024, 34 (1): 22-28.   DOI: 10.16046/j.cnki.issn2096-5680.2024.01.004 Abstract （207）      PDF（pc） （1120KB）（25）       Knowledge map    Save In order to investigate the dynamic mechanical properties of concrete under impact load, finite element analysis software was used to simulate the SHPB tests of C30, C40 and C60 concrete under different impact velocities. The stress-strain curves and energy time-history curves at different velocities were obtained by numerical simulation, and the crushing process of the specimen was analyzed. The results show that the peak stress of C40 concrete and C60 concrete is 20.8% and 31.6% higher than that of C30 concrete, respectively. Improving the strength grade of concrete can improve the impact resistance of concrete structure. When the impact velocity is 10m/s and 15m/s, the strain rate of concrete is 3.2 and 4.7 times that of 5m/s, respectively, indicating that concrete is a strain rate-sensitive material. The energy time history curve is generally divided into three stages: the initial stable stage, the mid-term growth stage, and the final stable stage. Under impact load, concrete breaks from the edge from outside to inside first, and splits inside. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Discussion on the Technology and Safety Protection Measures of Hanging Basket Construction Across Freeways JIN Da-zhi, LU Cheng-ming, LU Nan Journal of Hebei University of Water Resources and Electric Engineering    2023, 33 (4): 53-57.   DOI: 10.16046/j.cnki.issn2096-5680.2023.04.010 Abstract （201）      PDF（pc） （411KB）（197）       Knowledge map    Save In the construction of highway bridges, the hanging basket construction technology has been widely used, but in some special geographical environments, this method still needs to overcome various difficulties and challenges. This article provides a detailed introduction to the design scheme, installation steps, and construction process of the hanging basket for an overpass highway bridge construction case, and explores the safety protection measures during the construction of the overpass highway. The results indicate that during the construction of the cross highway range, protective brackets and protective nets are used to seal the mid span hanging basket. At the same time, a bottom protection platform is set under the main body of the hanging basket, which can effectively prevent scattered materials such as steel reinforcement heads, bolts and nuts, mortar, welding electrodes, welding sparks, small tools, etc. from falling into the traffic lane and prevent high-speed traffic safety accidents. By exploring the construction process and safety protection measures of hanging baskets in this article, solutions and ideas are provided for similar engineering project construction difficulties. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Design of a Quadcopter Based on Ultrasonic Obstacle Avoidance SUN Xiao-hui, YANG Jin-guang Journal of Hebei University of Water Resources and Electric Engineering    2023, 33 (3): 9-13.   DOI: 10.16046/j.cnki.issn2096-5680.2023.03.002 Abstract （201）      PDF（pc） （401KB）（88）       Knowledge map    Save This paper expounds the design of a quadcopter and proposes an overall solution that applies ultrasonic ranging technology to realize the automatic obstacle avoidance function of UAV. Firstly, algorithms such as Euler angle and extended Kalman filtering are applied to process the information collected by the MPU9250 sensor, calculate the position and attitude information, and adjust the PID parameters to realize the steady-state flight control of the quadrotor UAV. Secondly, the information collected by the SUI04 ultrasonic obstacle avoidance sensor is transmitted to the STM32H743 controller, and the corresponding instructions are output through algorithm processing to realize the obstacle avoidance function. Finally, after testing, in the outdoor low-speed flight state, the quadcopter UAV basically realizes the functions of fixed height flight and automatic obstacle avoidance. Therefore, it can be concluded that the automatic obstacle avoidance function of quadrotor UAV can be realized by ultrasonic ranging technology, and the obstacle avoidance effect is relatively stable and has certain practicality. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Application of Comprehensive Geophysical Exploration Method in Leakage Detection of Levee Liu Jin-peng, Wang Zhi-hao, Tang Ke-xuan, Zhang Mei-duo, Liu Kang-he Journal of Hebei University of Water Resources and Electric Engineering    2023, 33 (4): 1-7.   DOI: 10.16046/j.cnki.issn2096-5680.2023.04.001 Abstract （195）      PDF（pc） （596KB）（422）       Knowledge map    Save Geophysical detection method is an effective method for non-destructive testing of levees, but each geophysical detection method measures a single physical parameter, such as resistivity value, potential value, seismic wave velocity and so on. There are limitations and multiple solutions in geological interpretation when using a single parameter. This paper introduces the basic principles, advantages and disadvantages of common used geophysical detection methods for hidden dangers of levees, and discusses the application of comprehensive geophysical methods in identifying hidden dangers of levees leakage through engineering examples, which can be used as a reference for similar projects. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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A DEM Generation Method Based on Progressive Morphological Filter WU Jingchuan, LIU Niantao Journal of Hebei University of Water Resources and Electric Engineering    2024, 34 (1): 81-86.   DOI: 10.16046/j.cnki.issn2096-5680.2024.01.014 Abstract （190）      PDF（pc） （1042KB）（23）       Knowledge map    Save In order to find a new production method for DEM and improve the updating efficiency of city DEM, this paper proposes a new method to filter non-ground elevation points from ground elevation points in DSM by progressive morphological filter. The ground elevation points are then triangulated to Delaunay triangulation and the DEM is generated by intersecting rays with the Delaunay triangulation. The experiment shows that the proposed method not only generates DEM effectively, but also generates DEM with great precision, proving that it has important practical value. In conclusion, the proposed algorithm is technically feasible and it can improve the utilization rate of drone DSM to promote the renewal of city DSM. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Construction Technology for TBM Card Machine Trapping under Unfavorable Geological Conditions of Rock Burst and Altered Rock HAN Jianlu Journal of Hebei University of Water Resources and Electric Engineering    2024, 34 (1): 16-21.   DOI: 10.16046/j.cnki.issn2096-5680.2024.01.003 Abstract （188）      PDF（pc） （1230KB）（34）       Knowledge map    Save With the rapid development of the economy and society, tunnel engineering is flourishing in China. Tunnel Boring Machine (TBM) combined with drilling and blasting method is currently a commonly used construction method for ultra long mountain tunnels. In adverse geological conditions, hard rock tunneling machines are prone to jamming, and in severe cases, engineering accidents may even occur. In order to cope with the possible jamming situation mentioned above, a technology for dealing with TBM jamming under adverse geological conditions such as rockburst and weathered rock is proposed based on the construction of water conveyance tunnels using the TBM method under construction. The key points of treatment, specific construction methods, and control processes are emphasized. The implementation of this construction technology and the application of TBM to overcome difficulties provide valuable cases and references for dealing with similar engineering equipment in the future. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Basic Context and Historical Role of Channel Change of China's Grand Canal LV Juan Journal of Hebei University of Water Resources and Electric Engineering    2022, 32 (2): 1-7.   DOI: 10.16046/j.cnki.issn2096-5680.2022.02.001 Abstract （179）      PDF（pc） （1032KB）（137）       Knowledge map    Save From the spring and Autumn period to the contemporary era, the canal channel has been changing for more than 2500 years, which has roughly experienced several stages. In the pre-Qin period the canal between the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River and the canal connecting the Yangtze River and Huaihe River system were dug for the needs of war. From the Qin and Han Dynasties to the northern and Southern Dynasties, the canals connecting the Yangtze River and pearl river systems, the Yellow River and Haihe river systems were dug and the previous canals were dredged to maintain the operation of the ruling class’s political power.During the Sui, Tang and Song Dynasties, the national east-west Grand Canal system was formed and during the Yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties, the national north-south Grand Canal system was formed. Then the Grand Canal has experienced the decline of the Republic of China and the revival since the founding of new China. The Grand Canal channel is already a cultural heritage and a witness of China's historical development. Therefore, in the process of protection, inheritance and utilization, the Grand Canal channel should be protected in the first place. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Innovative Design of Fighting Robot Based on AHP/QFD/TRIZ Theory ZHAGN Tiebi, ZHANG Wanming, LI Wenbin, SHANG Jiayao, SHAN Jingcai Journal of Hebei University of Water Resources and Electric Engineering    2024, 34 (3): 11-18.   DOI: 10.16046/j.cnki.issn2096-5680.2024.03.003 Abstract （178）      PDF（pc） （558KB）（22）       Knowledge map    Save To solve the complex working conditions of fighting robots, improve their ability to hit and withstand hits, and optimize the product innovation design process of fighting robots, a design method for fighting robots based on AHP/QFD/TRIZ theory is proposed.Firstly, user needs are obtained through questionnaire surveys and interviews with customers. The hierarchical analysis method (AHP) is used to sort the importance of the needs. Then, the quality function deployment (QFD) theory is applied to match user needs with technical quality indicators, and build a quality house (HOQ) model. Finally, the conflict resolution principle in TRIZ theory is used to solve the conflicts found in the quality house, and obtain product innovation design plans to provide theoretical support for the innovative design of fighting robots. Experimental data shows that under the premise of ensuring strength, the designed scheme can reduce overall weight and increase speed. The design method based on AHP/QFD/TRIZ theory is used to innovatively design products for fighting robots, which improves product performance and customer satisfaction. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Design of Sewage Automatic Control System Based on KingView 7.5 LI Xiaoyan Journal of Hebei University of Water Resources and Electric Engineering    2024, 34 (2): 72-76.   DOI: 10.16046/j.cnki.issn2096-5680.2024.02.013 Abstract （177）      PDF（pc） （339KB）（20）       Knowledge map    Save The system uses KingView 7.5 configuration software as the development platform, s7-300 PLC as the core of the system. Various sensor signals in the field equipment layer was acquired by distributed I/O, and after filtering, amplifying, A/D conversion and other operations, the signals are transmitted to the upper computer through the Ethernet. Using the CPU314C-2PN/DP of Siemens S7-300 PLC series as the central control equipment, the automatic control of sewage treatment system and real-time monitoring of detection parameters and running parameters was realized,and the system equipment running status and automatic fault alarm can be recorded.This control system uses industrial computer to remote control the sewage treatment system, which can monitor the sewage treatment process intuitively and dynamically. It has the advantages of low cost, highly automatic, stability, reliability and easy maintenance. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Construction of Campus Structure 3D Model Based on Oblique Photogrammetry ZHANG Lijun, LI Yang, JIN Shaofei Journal of Hebei University of Water Resources and Electric Engineering    2024, 34 (1): 61-65.   DOI: 10.16046/j.cnki.issn2096-5680.2024.01.011 Abstract （176）      PDF（pc） （1001KB）（89）       Knowledge map    Save With the development of unmanned aerial vehicles and oblique photogrammetry technology, the accuracy and efficiency of 3D real scene modeling have been greatly improved. This article, based on unmanned aerial vehicle tilt photogrammetry technology, constructs a high-precision and measurable three-dimensional model of Hebei University of Water Resources and Electric Engineering. Based on the regional situation ofHebei University of Water Resources and Electric Engineering, 10 ground control points and 16 reference points were set up. DJI Phantom 4 RTK was used for tilt photogrammetry to construct a three-dimensional model of the campus. The problems of model rupture, faults, and incomplete data collection of buildings with high tilt photogrammetry after aerial triangulation were analyzed and solved. With the help of model modification software, the real 3D model of Hebei University of Water Resources and Electric Engineering was modified to address issues such as water surface damage, model vulnerabilities, and blurred texture of billboards. In order to solve the problem of voids caused by high floors in the library building, a high-precision individual model was obtained through a separate close-up photogrammetry. The accuracy analysis of the repaired model was conducted from the perspectives of relative and absolute accuracy, and a realistic 3D model with a mean square error of 3.6cm in plane and 5.1cm in elevation was obtained. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Construction and Analysis of Three-dimensional Model Based on BIM and GIS Technology ZHAO Wen, WU Changyue, ZHANG Lingyun, ZHANG Zhongyue Journal of Hebei University of Water Resources and Electric Engineering    2024, 34 (1): 76-80.   DOI: 10.16046/j.cnki.issn2096-5680.2024.01.013 Abstract （173）      PDF（pc） （938KB）（16）       Knowledge map    Save The purpose of this study is to explore the potential of the combination of building information model ( BIM ) and geographic information system ( GIS ) in solving problems in the construction industry. By using Revit software to build BIM model and importing it into geographic information software, 3D model analysis is carried out to explore the value of more 3D data. The research results show that the combination of BIM-GIS provides great potential for solving the problems of the construction industry. By integrating BIM models and geographic information, comprehensive and accurate building models can be obtained, including geometric attributes, component information, time schedule and cost data. Through the analysis of three-dimensional models, we can better understand the relationship and influence of buildings in geospatial space. In the stage of building operation and maintenance, we can monitor and predict the state of buildings in real time and provide effective decision support, which brings more opportunities and development space for the construction industry. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Study on Static Characteristics and Particle Crushing Test of Soil-Rock Mixture DAI Xingxian, SONG Yang, ZHANG Zhibin, QI Ziyi, LIU Qirui Journal of Hebei University of Water Resources and Electric Engineering    2024, 34 (1): 1-8.   DOI: 10.16046/j.cnki.issn2096-5680.2024.01.001 Abstract （172）      PDF（pc） （1235KB）（26）       Knowledge map    Save Based on the indoor triaxial apparatus, the undrained consolidation tests of soil-rock mixtures with five different rock contents and three different confining pressures were carried out. By analyzing the stress-strain curve, strength parameters and particle crushing law, the mechanical properties and crushing characteristics of soil-rock mixture are discussed. The experimental data show that there is a positive correlation between the rock content and the relative fragmentation rate, and the trend of the relative fragmentation rate will gradually decrease with the increase of confining pressure, which accords with the Allometricl function model. In addition, the increase of stone content can improve the strength of soil-stone mixture, and the internal friction angle has a “slow-fast-slow” growth law with the “Low-middle-high” of stone content. The Boltzmann function model can describe this rule well and has some applicability. The cohesion of soil-rock mixture is greater when the stone content is low, and when the stone content is high, the cohesion decreases to a certain extent before slowly increasing with the increase of stone content. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Fuzzy Fault Tree Analysis Method for Dam Failure Probability HUANG Meng-jing Journal of Hebei University of Water Resources and Electric Engineering    2023, 33 (4): 8-13.   DOI: 10.16046/j.cnki.issn2096-5680.2023.04.002 Abstract （171）      PDF（pc） （321KB）（277）       Knowledge map    Save In order to quantitatively analyze the probability of dam failure and provide decision-making basis for dam risk analysis and evaluation, this paper integrates fuzzy set theory into the fault tree analysis method, studies the fuzzy fault tree analysis method of dam failure probability, specifically analyzes the traditional fault tree analysis method, fuzzy set theory, triangular fuzzy number method, and basic event probability determination method, clarifies the analysis process of the fuzzy fault tree analysis method of dam failure probability,and analyzes the dam failure mode.Finally, taking the calculation of the failure probability of an earth-rock dam as an example, the causes of the dam failure were analyzed in depth, and the top event, intermediate event, and basic event were identified. A fuzzy fault tree analysis model for the dam was established, and the probability of each basic event was triangulated and normalized. The comprehensive determination of the dam failure probability can provide a reference for the next step of risk assessment. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Analysis on Typical Rainstorm Processes in Cangzhou Region on August 21st, 2022 HA Jian-qiang, WANG He Journal of Hebei University of Water Resources and Electric Engineering    2023, 33 (3): 14-19.   DOI: 10.16046/j.cnki.issn2096-5680.2023.03.003 Abstract （163）      PDF（pc） （435KB）（78）       Knowledge map    Save This paper studies the typical rainstorm in Cangzhou City, i.e. the “8·21” rainstorm in 2022, and describes in detail the time history distribution, spatial distribution, river flow, water storage in depressions, shallow groundwater, urban water accumulation, etc., and obtains the data results, which provide the basis for flood prevention and disaster reduction, and provide an illustrative basis for similar types of rainfall. At the same time, in order to make better use of rain and flood resources, countermeasures and suggestions are put forward. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Application of High Density Electrical Method in Detecting Hidden Leakage of Levee during Flood Season LIU Dongchen, TANG Kexuan, LIU Jinpeng, LI Guorui, WANG Zhihao Journal of Hebei University of Water Resources and Electric Engineering    2024, 34 (1): 29-33.   DOI: 10.16046/j.cnki.issn2096-5680.2024.01.005 Abstract （160）      PDF（pc） （969KB）（17）       Knowledge map    Save High water levels and high permeability pressure will cause the expansion of levee leakage defects or aggravation of hidden dangers during the flood season. Rapid and accurate emergency investigation of hidden dangers of levee leakage is an important measure to guide scientific flood prevention and ensure safe during flood season. In view of the leakage defects and hidden dangers such as piping, dispersion, and levee-crossing buildings, high-density electrical method site test is carried out, and the electrical structure of levee during flood season is obtained. Through the comparison test, the electrical differences between different leakage defects and no significant defects of levee are obtained. Based on this, high density electrical methods are used to investigate hidden dangers in the Tianjin Jinghai section of Ziya River right levee, especially in the section where the Ziya River merges into the Duliujian River. The division of hidden leakage areas and potential risk areas provides important technical support for ensuring the safety of levees during the “23·7” catastrophic flood in the Haihe River Basin. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）