Abstract: According to the growth characteristics of winter wheat in Cangzhou City,this paper took the average precipitation from October to December during 1956~2016and the average precipitation from January to May in the next year as the growth period water supply quantity of winter wheat,it also took the water supply and crop water requirement ratio as the actual drought index,and then analyzed and calculated the drought condition of winter wheat in natural state in Cangzhou.In almost every year in the past 60years,the winter wheat showed different degrees of drought,and the year of heavy drought and extreme drought reached 83%of the total year.This result shows that in winter wheat growing period also called non-flood season,the precipitation in Cangzhou is seriously insufficient,resulting in serious shortage of water resources,serious restriction of agriculture production,and effect on the ecological environment.Therefore,it is necessary to formulate and implement the water-saving measures,such as developing water-saving agriculture,improving the planting structure and other measures,so as to ensure the normal development of agricultural production and the continuous improvement of the ecological environment.

Key words: agricultural crops, drought, winter wheat, drought index, water-saving measures

摘要： 文中根据冬小麦的生长特性,以沧州市1956~2016年每年10~12月份以及次年1~5月份的平均降水量作为冬小麦生长期供水量,采用供水量与作物需水量比值作为实际干旱指标,对沧州地区天然状态下冬小麦的干旱情况进行分析计算。计算结果表明,在过去的60年间沧州地区的冬小麦几乎每年都出现不同程度的旱情,而且重旱和极旱的年份达到总年份的83%。这有力说明在冬小麦生长期即非汛期,沧州市降水量严重不足,由此造成水资源严重不足,严重制约了农业生产,进而影响到生态环境。因此,要制定和实施必要的节水措施,如大力发展节水农业,改善种植结构等,以保证农业生产正常开展,保证生态环境持续改善。

关键词: 农业作物, 干旱, 冬小麦, 干旱指标, 节水措施