Abstract: In view of the impact of extreme rainfall weather on the bearing capacity of shallow foundations, indoor load tests and theoretical analysis were used to conduct research on the bearing characteristics of shallow foundations under different rainfall intensities. Research shows that as the rainfall intensity increases, the bearing capacity of the foundation decreases significantly. The maximum bearing capacity loss under extremely heavy rainfall conditions can reach 51.65%. The bearing capacity reduction caused by rainfall intensity decreases linearly in the early stage. When the rainfall intensity reaches a heavy rainstorm, a steep drop in bearing capacity occurs, and the subsequent change trend does not change much from the slope before the steep drop. The slope method was used to process the measured data of shallow foundation bearing capacity. The overall downward trend of the bearing capacity obtained by the slope method is similar to that of the actual measurement method as the rainfall intensity increases, but the slope is different. The bearing capacity obtained is generally smaller than the actual measurement method, and the difference becomes smaller and smaller with rainfall intensity. The maximum difference is 12.5% when there is no rain. From an engineering perspective, this processing method is safer. In order to process and predict the bearing capacity of shallow foundations, it is found that the results of the hyperbolic method can show a good linear fitting degree, and the change curve of its bearing capacity with rainfall intensity is very close to the trend obtained by the actual measurement method. It can be corrected by linear fitting to obtain the corresponding measured curve. Under the conditions of this test, the linear fitting parameter is 0.865. The hyperbola method can be used to predict the increase in heterogeneous foundation bearing capacity and the change trend of settlement caused by extreme rainfall weather. The overall goal of the research is to provide safer engineering practices for building shallow foundations in areas prone to extreme rainfall weather.

Key words: extreme rainfall weather, shallow foundation, model test, bearing characteristics

摘要： 针对极端降雨天气对浅基础地基承载力的影响,利用室内载荷试验和理论分析开展了不同降雨强度下浅基础地基的承载特性研究。研究表明:随着降雨强度的增大地基承载力下降显著,特大暴雨条件下承载力最大损失可达51.65%,降雨强度带来的承载力降低前期呈线性下降,在降雨强度达到大暴雨的时候出现承载力的陡降现象,之后的变化趋势与陡降前斜率相近。采用斜率法对浅基础地基承载力实测数据进行处理,斜率法得到的承载力随着降雨强度的增大整体呈下降趋势与实测法类似但斜率不同,其得到承载力普遍小于实测法且差值随降雨强度越来越小,最大处位于无雨时相差12.5%,从工程角度来说这种处理方法偏于安全。对浅基础地基承载力进行处理和预测,发现双曲线法其结果能呈现较好的线性拟合度,其承载力随降雨强度的变化曲线与实测法得到的趋势非常接近,可采用线性拟合对其修正从而得到对应的实测曲线。文中试验条件下其线性拟合参数为0.865,可以依靠双曲线法预测极端降雨天气所引起的非均质地基承载力的增加和沉降的变化趋势,为在容易出现极端降雨天气的地区建造浅基础提供更安全的工程实践。

关键词: 极端降雨天气, 浅基础, 模型试验, 承载特性