河北水利电力学院学报

河北水利电力学院学报 ›› 2026, Vol. 36 ›› Issue (2): 15-20.DOI: 10.16046/j.cnki.issn2096-5680.2026.02.003

• 电气工程 • 上一篇    下一篇

基于改进FFT分析的永磁同步电机局部退磁故障检测方法

张建秋1, 张文龙1, 师路欢2, 路清云1, 贾茂松3   

  1. 1.河北水利电力学院电力工程系,河北省沧州市黄河西路49号 061001;
    2.许昌学院,河南省许昌市八一路88号 461000;
    3.洁远(沧县)新能源有限公司,河北省沧州市沧县仵龙堂乡 061753
  • 收稿日期:2025-12-17 修回日期:2026-03-04 出版日期:2026-06-30 发布日期:2026-06-22
  • 作者简介:张建秋(1995-),男,河北沧州人,硕士,工程师,主要研究方向:电力电子与电力传动。E-mail:zhangjianqiu@hbwe.edu.cn
  • 基金资助:
    河北省教育厅科学研究资助项目(ZC2025066)

A Local Demagnetization Fault Detection Method for Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor Based on Improved FFT Analysis

ZHANG Jianqiu1, ZHANG Wenlong1, SHI Luhuan2, LU Qingyun1, JIA Maosong3   

  1. 1. Department of Electrical Engineering, Hebei University of Water Resources and Electric Engineering, 061001, Cangzhou, Hebei, China;
    2. Xuchang University, 461000, Xuchang, Henan, China;
    3. Jieyuan (Cang County) New Energy Co., Ltd., 061753, Cangzhou, Hebei, China
  • Received:2025-12-17 Revised:2026-03-04 Online:2026-06-30 Published:2026-06-22

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摘要： 随着我国“双碳”策略的推进落实,电动汽车产业发展日益迅速,永磁同步电机PMSM(Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor,PMSM)由于高运行性能、高功率密度、体积小在电动汽车领域应用广泛。然而,在车用领域,安装空间有限、散热条件较差、运行工况复杂、电机高速运行,这些因素可能导致永磁体局部损坏,引起局部退磁,造成电机控制性能下降。因此,对永磁体局部退磁故障进行研究、分析、检测具有重要的意义。本文以一台10极PMSM为例,对电机进行磁钢块更换以模拟永磁体局部退磁故障。之后,建立局部退磁的数学模型,并使用傅里叶变换进行理论分析,得到永磁体局部退磁时的故障特征。最后,经硬件在环仿真实验平台上进行测试,检测局部退磁故障,验证了改进快速傅立叶变换FFT(Fast Fourier Transform,FFT)方法的有效性和准确性。

关键词: 电动汽车, 永磁同步电机, 局部退磁, FFT

Abstract: With the advancement and implementation of China's “dual carbon goals”, the development of the electric vehicle (EV) industry has been rapidly progressing. Permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) is widely used in the EV sector due to its high operational performance, high power density, and compact size. However, in automotive applications, factors such as limited installation space, poor heat dissipation conditions, complex operating conditions, and high-speed motor operation may lead to localized damage of the permanent magnets, resulting in partial demagnetization and degraded motor control performance. Therefore, researching, analyzing, and detecting localized demagnetization faults of permanent magnets is of significant importance. This paper takes a 10-pole PMSM as an example, replacing the magnet blocks to simulate localized demagnetization fault. Subsequently, a mathematical model of partial demagnetization is established, and theoretical analysis is conducted using Fourier transform to obtain fault characteristics during localized demagnetization. Finally, trial is conducted on a hardware-in-the-loop simulation platform to detect localized demagnetization faults, verifying the effectiveness and accuracy of the improved FFT method.

Key words: EV, PMSM, Partial Demagnetization, FFT

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